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　　权威点评

　　文章题材常规，涉及到环境，动物，商业类。据烤鸭们反馈，passage 3生词较多，导致原文和题干理解困难，影响做题。这要求考生在平时练习中多总结不同场景的高频词汇，并且提高在语境中理解生词的能力。从题型看，难度适中，基础题型：填空题(包括summary)和判断题占30个左右，考查对于细节信息的定位和理解;匹配题考查了6个段落信息匹配题，考查学生在短时间内准确找到匹配段落信息的能力，考生必须掌握高效做匹配题的方法，在有限的时间内拿到更多的分数。

　　Passage 1

　　题目Why good ideas fail?

　　话题分类商业类

　　题型及对应数量判断题 5

　　填空题 8

　　内容回忆一位市场营销专业的学生做了关于公司治理的案例，该公司早前获得了成功，后来失败了。两位专家对该公司的营销进行分析与评价，并且提出了一些市场营销的策略

　　题目回忆判断题

　　1 TRUE

　　2 TRUE

　　3 NOT GIVEN

　　4 NOT GIVEN

　　5 FALSE

　　填空题

　　6 surface

　　7 name

　　8 需要补充

　　9 weight loss

　　10 behavior

　　11 focus group

　　12 simple survey

　　13 instincts

　　参考阅读 10-3-1 商业类

　　Passage 2

　　题目Hold back floods

　　话题分类环境类

　　题型及数量段落信息匹配 6

　　单选题 2

　　填空题 5

　　内容回忆本文讲述了主要讲了洪水以前和现在的情况对比，以及治理洪水的新方法

　　Hold back flood

　　A Last winter’s floods on the rivers of central Europe were among the worst since the Middle Ages, and as winter storms return, the spectre of floods is returning too. Just weeks ago, the river Rhône in south-east France burst its banks, driving 15,000 people from their homes, and worse could be on the way. Traditionally, river engineers have gone for Plan A: get rid of the water fast, draining it off the land and down to the sea in tall-sided rivers re-engineered as high-performance drains. But however big they dug city drains, however wide and straight they made the rivers, and however high they build the banks, the floods kept coming back to taunt them, from the Mississippi to the Danube. And when the floods came, they seemed to be worse than ever. No wonder engineers are turning to Plan B: sap the water’s destructive strength by dispersing it into fields, forgotten lakes, flood plains and aquifers.

　　B Back in the days when rivers took a more tortuous path to the sea, flood waters lost impetus and volume while meandering across flood plains and idling through wetlands and inland deltas. But today the water tends to have an unimpeded journey to the sea. And this means that when it rains in the uplands, the water comes down all at once. Worse, whenever we close off more flood plains, the river’s flow farther downstream becomes more violent and uncontrollable. Dykes are only as good as their weakest link—and the water will unerringly find it. By trying to turn the complex hydrology of rivers into the simple mechanics of a water pipe, engineers have often created danger where they promised safety, and intensified the floods they meant to end. Take the Rhine, Europe’s most engineered river. For two centuries, German engineers have erased its backwaters and cut it off from its flood plain.

　　C Today, the river has lost 7 percent of its original length and runs up to a third faster. When it rains hard in the Alps, the peak flows from several tributaries coincide in the main river, where once they arrived separately. And with four-fifths of the lower Rhine’s flood plain barricaded off, the waters rise ever higher. The result is more frequent flooding that does ever-greater damage to the homes, offices and roads that sit on the flood plain. Much the same has happened in the US on the mighty Mississippi, which drains the world’s second largest river catchment into the Gulf of Mexico.

　　D The European Union is trying to improve rain forecasts and more accurately model how intense rains swell rivers. That may help cities prepare, but it won’t stop the floods. To do that, say hydrologists, you need a new approach to engineering not just rivers, but the whole landscape. The UK’s Environment Agency—which has been granted an extra £150 million a year to spend in the wake of floods in 2000 that cost the country £1billion—puts it like this: “The focus is now on working with the forces of nature. Towering concrete walls are out, and new wetlands are in.” to help keep London’s feet dry, the agency is breaking the Thames’s banks upstream and reflooding 10 square kilometres of ancient flood plain at Otmoor outside Oxford. Nearer to London it has spent £100 million creating new wetlands and a relief channel across 16 kilometres of flood plain to protect the town of Maidenhead, as well as the ancient playing fields of Eton college. And near the south coast, the agency is digging out channels to reconnect old meanders on the river Cuckmere in East Sussex that were cut off by flood banks 150 years ago.

　　E The same is taking place on a much grander scale in Austria, in one of Europe’s largest river restorations to date. Engineers are regenerating flood plains along 60 kilometres of the river Drava as it exits the Alps. They are also widening the river bed and channeling it back into abandoned meanders, oxbow lakes and backwaters overhung with willows. The engineers calculate that the restored flood plain can now store up to 10 million cubic metres of flood waters and slow storm surges coming out of the Alps by more than an hour, protecting towns as far downstream as Slovenia and Croatia.

　　F "Rivers have to be allowed to take more space. They have to be turned from flood-chutes into flood-foilers", says Nienhuis. And the Dutch. for whom preventing floods is a matter of survival. Have gone furthest. A nation built largely on drained marshes and seabed had the fright of its life in 1993 when the Rhine almost overwhelmed it. The same happened again in 1995. when a quarter of a million people were evacuated from the Netherlands. But a new breed of "soil engineers" wants our cities to become porous, and Berlin is their shining example. Since reunification, the city's massive redevelopment has been governed by tough new rules to prevent its drains becoming overloaded after heavy rains. Harald Kraft, an architect working in the city. says: "We now see rainwater as a resource to be kept rather than got rid of at great cost." A good illustration is the giant Potsdamer Platz, a huge new commercial redevelopment by Daimler Chrysler in the heart of the city.

　　G Los Angeles has spent billions of dollars digging huge drains and concreting river beds to carry away the water from occasional intense storms. The latest plan is to spend a cool 280millionraisingtheconcretewallsontheLosAngelesriverbyanother2metres.Yetmanycommunitiesstillfloodregularly.MeanwhilethisdesertcityisshippinginwaterfromhundredsofkilometresawayinnorthernCaliforniaandfromtheColoradoriverinArizonatofillitstapsandswimmingpools,andirrigateitsgreenspaces.Itallsoundslikebadplanning."InLAwereceivehalfthewaterweneedinrainfall,andwethrowitaway.Thenwespendhundredsofmillionstoimportwater,"saysAndyLipkis,anLAenvironmentalist,alongwithcitizengroupslikeFriendsoftheLosAngelesRiverandUnpavedLA.wanttobeattheurbanfloodhazardandfillthetapsbyholdingontothecity′sfloodwater.Andit′snotjustapipedream.Theauthoritiesthisyearlauncheda280millionraisingtheconcretewallsontheLosAngelesriverbyanother2metres.Yetmanycommunitiesstillfloodregularly.MeanwhilethisdesertcityisshippinginwaterfromhundredsofkilometresawayinnorthernCaliforniaandfromtheColoradoriverinArizonatofillitstapsandswimmingpools,andirrigateitsgreenspaces.Itallsoundslikebadplanning."InLAwereceivehalfthewaterweneedinrainfall,andwethrowitaway.Thenwespendhundredsofmillionstoimportwater,"saysAndyLipkis,anLAenvironmentalist,alongwithcitizengroupslikeFriendsoftheLosAngelesRiverandUnpavedLA.wanttobeattheurbanfloodhazardandfillthetapsbyholdingontothecity′sfloodwater.Andit′snotjustapipedream.Theauthoritiesthisyearlauncheda100 million scheme to road-test the porous city in one flood-hit community in Sun Valley. The plan is to catch the rain that falls on thousands of driveways, parking lots and rooftops in the valley. Trees will soak up water from parking lots. Homes and public buildings will capture roof water to irrigate gardens and parks. And road drains will empty into old gravel pits and other leaky places that should recharge the city's underground water reserves. Result: less flooding and more water for the city. Plan B says every city should be porous, every river should have room to flood naturally and every coastline should be left to build its own defenses. It sounds expensive and utopian, until you realize how much we spend trying to drain cities and protect our watery margins—and how bad we are at it.

　　题目回忆段落信息匹配题

　　1. A new approach conducted in the UK D

　　2. Reasons why twisty path and dykes failed B

　　3. One project on a river benefits three countries E

　　4. Illustration of an alternative plan in LA which seems unrealistic G

　　5. Efforts made in Netherlands and Germany F

　　6. Traditional ways of controlling flood A

　　选择题

　　7. A It may stop the flood involving the whole area

　　8. D reserve water to protect downstream towns

　　填空题

　　9. Berlin set a good example for others.

　　10. The Rhine and the Mississippi river had the similar problem of water control.

　　11. An area near Oxford was flooded to protect the city of London.

　　12. Such planners who want our cities to become porous are called soil engineers.

　　13. In Los Angeles, small scale water project could become a larger one.

　　参考阅读532(环境类)

　　Passage 3

　　题目Australian Megafauna

　　话题分类生物类

　　题型及数量判断题 4

　　summary 5

　　选择题 5

　　内容回忆对澳大利亚大型动物megafauna的研究，分析人类在几千年前人是否与大型动物共存。有研究者质疑证据不足

　　题目回忆判断题

　　27 YES

　　28 NOT GIVEN

　　29 NO

　　30 YES

　　SUMMARY 题

　　31 B

　　32 H

　　33 D

　　34 C

　　35 G

　　选择题

　　36 A

　　37 B

　　38 A

　　39 C

　　40 D